Experiments Included:
Basic Control Systems Equipment and Terms Used
- Study the difference between open loop and closed loop systems
- Expression for the overall gain of a negative feedback closed loop system
- Calculation of overall gain of a negative feedback closed loop system from given information
- Basic components of a closed loop system and explain their functions
- Meaning of terms associated with control system equipment
Positional Resistance Transducers
- Basic construction of rotary and slider variable resistors
- State that the resistance section may be either a carbon track or wirewound
- Characteristics of output voltage against variable control setting
- Comparison of a carbon track variable resistor to the wirewound type
Wheatstone Bridge Measurement
- Basics of Wheatstone Bridge circuit for resistance measurement.
- Describe the term “null balance”.
- Calculation of an unknown resistance from the Bridge values at balance
- Factors affecting the resolution and accuracy of measurements
- Discuss the reason for the three-wire resistance circuit
Temperature Measurement
- Characteristic of an IC temperature sensor
- Construction and characteristics of a platinum RTD resistance transducer
- Construction and characteristics of an NTC Thermistor
- Characteristic of NTC Thermistor bridge circuits
- Construction and characteristics of a Thermocouple
- Deduce temperatures from a voltage reading across a transducer
Light Sensors
- Characteristics of a filament lamp
- Construction and characteristics of a photovoltaic cell
- Construction and characteristics of a phototransistor
- Construction and characteristics of a photoconductive cell
- Construction and characteristics of a PIN photodiode
Linear Position or Force Applications
- Construction, principal and characteristics of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
- Construction and Characteristics of a Linear Variable Capacitor
- Construction and Characteristics of a Strain Gauge
Environmental Measurements
- Construction and characteristics of an air flow transducer
- Construction and characteristics of an pressure transducer
- Construction and characteristics of a humidity transducer
Rotational Speed and Position Measurements
- Slotted Opto Transducers for Counting and Speed Measurement
- Reflective Opto Transducers and Gray Coded Disc for Position Measurement
- Inductive Transducers for Speed Measurement
- Hall Effect Transducers to Speed and Positional Measurement
- Construction, Principles and Application of a Tacho-Generator to Speed Measurement
Sound Measurements
- Construction and characteristics of a microphone
- Construction and characteristics of an ultrasonic receiver and transmitter
- Comparison of various methods of measuring sound signals
Sound Output
- Construction and characteristics of a moving coil Speaker
- Construction and characteristics of a buzzer
Linear or Rotational Motion
- Construction and characteristics of a DC solenoid
- Construction and characteristics of a DC relay
- Construction and characteristics of a DC solenoid air value
- Construction and characteristics of a DC permanent magnet motor
Display Devices
- Characteristics and application of the Timer/Counter
- Characteristics and application of the LED Bargraph display
- Characteristics and application of the Moving Coil Meter
- Calculate the requirement to extend the voltage range of a Moving Coil Meter
- Selection of a suitable device for a particular voltage measurement
Signal Conditioning Amplifier
- Characteristics and application of DC amplifiers
- The term “Offset” and the need for offset control
- Characteristics and application of an AC amplifier
- Characteristics and application of a power amplifier
- Characteristics and application of a current amplifier
- Characteristics and application of a buffer amplifier
- Characteristics and application of an inverter amplifier
- Characteristics and application of a differential amplifier
Comparators, Oscillators and Filters
- Characteristics of a comparator
- Effect of hysteresis on the operation of a comparator
- Characteristics of an alarm oscillator
- The term “latch” applied to an alarm oscillator
- Characteristics of an electronic switch
- Characteristics of a 40KHz oscillator
- Characteristics of band pass filters
- Characteristics of low pass filters
Mathematical Operations using OP AMPS
- Characteristics of a summing amplifier
- Characteristics of an integrator
- Characteristics of a differentiator
- Characteristics and application of a “sample and hold” circuit
Control Systems Characteristics
- Characteristics of an ON/OFF system
- Characteristics of a Proportional system
- Characteristics of an Integral system
- Characteristics of a Derivative system
- Practical system 3-term (or PID) controller
Practical Control Systems
- Characteristics of an ON/OFF temperature control system
- Characteristics of a light controlled ON-OFF system
- Characteristics of a positional control system having:
-
- Proportional
- Proportional + integral
- Proportional + derivative
- Proportional + integral + derivative control
- Characteristics of a speed control system
IT-5927 Trainer introduces students to input and output transducers, signal conditioning circuits and display devices through a wide range of practical activities. The study module includes transducers and instrumentation trainer and a curriculum manual.
Features:
- Sensors installed on-board
- Transducers installed on-board
- Control Circuits Installed
- Drivers Installed
- Protection Circuits Installed
- Display Devices Installed
- Measuring Devices Installed
Technical Features:
- Fixed Supply DC: +5V, -5V, +12V, -12V
- Pneumatic Supply: Internal Pneumatic Pump with Air Valve
- Signal Conditioning Circuits:
- 2X Buffers
- Inverter
- Comparator with Switchable Hysteresis
- 2X Amplifiers with Switchable Gain and Offset Control
- Current Amplifier
- Summing Amplifier
- Differential Amplifier
- Instrumentation Amplifier
- X100 Amplifier
- AC amplifier
- Oscillator 40KHz
- Filter 40KHz
- Low-Pass Filter with Switchable Time Constant
- Precision Full-Wave Rectifier
- Sample and Hold Circuit
- Integrator with Switchable Time-Constant
- Differentiator with Switchable Time Constant
- V/F and F/V Converters
- V/I and I/V Converters
- Alarm Oscillator with Switchable Latching
- Power Amplifier
- Electronic Switch
- Level Converter
- Schmitt Trigger
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Input / Output Transducers:
- Rotary Carbon Track
- Rotary Wirewound
- Precision Rotary Potentiometer
- Slide Potentiometer
- Linear Variable Differential Transformer(LVDT)
- Linear Variable Capacitor
- Load Cell 150g
- Dynamic Microphone
- Ultrasonic Receiver
- Ultrasonic Transmitter
- Buzzer
- 8 Ohm Speaker
- Relay
- Solenoid
- Tacho Generator
- Sensors:
- NTC Thermistors
- Type ‘K’ Thermocouples
- I.C. Temperature Sensor
- Photoconductive Cell
- Photovoltaic Cell
- Phototransistor
- PIN Diode
- Air-Flow Sensor
- Air Pressure Sensor
- Slotted Opto-Sensor
- Reflective Opto-Sensor
- Inductive Proximity Sensor
- Hall Effect Sensor
- Humidity Sensor
- Measuring Devices:
- Counter / Timer
- 10-Point LED Bar Display
- Moving Coil Meter
- 3 ½-Digit Digital Voltmeter
- 3 ½-Digit Digital Ammeter
- Output Devices:
- Heater
- Filament Lamp
- DC Motor
- Solenoid Air Valve
- Single H-Bridge with PWM Control
Accessories: Power Cord, User Manual, Experiment Manual, 2mm Patch Cords
Data Acquisition Unit / Interface Software
IT-5927SW (optional)
Features:
- Channels: 2 independent channels sampled simultaneously
- Sampling Frequency: 20MSamples/second maximum
- Vertical Resolution: 10 bits per channel (1:1024)
- Vertical Bandwidth: 2 MHz
- Vertical Input Range: ±250mV to ±25V full scale
- Vertical/Horizontal Scale: 10 major divisions
- Triggering: Digital comparison with input signal
- Memory Depth: 1K Samples each channel
- Display Refresh Rate: > 2 updates/second
Software Features:
- Spectrum Analysis(FFT), X-Y Plot
- Auto Measurements etc.
Waveform Generator
- Frequency Range: 0.1Hz to 3MHz
- Frequency Resolution: 0.1Hz
- Output Amplitude: +/-3V
- Vertical Resolution: 8 bits at all amplitude settings
- Waveforms: Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp (Sawtooth) and others
- Arbitrary Waveform: 8 bit resolution vertical, 256 time points
- Noise: Pseudo-random, 8 bit analog noise, sample rate 12.5Mz, sequence length 21 seconds
Digital I/O
- Output: 8 bits, GUI (Graphical User Interface) controlled, 5 volt
- Input: 8 bits, GUI indicators, 5 or 3 volt
- Pulse waveform: Variable duty cycle at constant frequency 35Hz to 72kHz in steps of x2
- Interrupt: Selectable level and slope, illuminates ‘Interrupt’ indicator
Sensors
- Air Pressure: Measure Pressure on channel A or B input. Calibration available.
- Temperature: Measure Temperature on channel A or B input. Calibration available.
- Weight: Measure Weight on channel A or B input. Calibration available.
- Grey Coded Disk: Show position of needle against grey code value.
- Voltmeter: Show volts against each channel of scope.
Others
- Indicators: Power LED (Green), Activity LED (Red)
- Interface: USB 2.0