Strength of Materials and Structures

img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}body{--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale:url("#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale");--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale:url("#wp-duotone-grayscale");--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow:url("#wp-duotone-purple-yellow");--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red:url("#wp-duotone-blue-red");--wp--preset--duotone--midnight:url("#wp-duotone-midnight");--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow:url("#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow");--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green:url("#wp-duotone-purple-green");--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange:url("#wp-duotone-blue-orange");--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width:var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:inherit;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}.wp-block-pullquote{font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;}.woocommerce form .form-row .required{visibility:visible;}body #wrapper .fa.fa-facebook{font-family:"Font Awesome 5 Brands" !important;}body #wrapper .fa.fa-map-marker{font-family:"FontAwesome" !important;}body .fa.fa-map-marker:before{content:"";}.page_title{background-repeat:repeat !important;background-repeat:url("https://r") !important;}.mtc,.mtc_h:hover{color:#333 !important;}.stc,.stc_h:hover{color:#ff3833 !important;}.ttc,.ttc_h:hover{color:#ff3833 !important;}.mbc,.mbc_h:hover,.stm-search .stm_widget_search button{background-color:#333 !important;}.sbc,.sbc_h:hover{background-color:#ff3833 !important;}.tbc,.tbc_h:hover{background-color:#ff3833 !important;}.mbdc,.mbdc_h:hover{border-color:#333 !important;}.sbdc,.sbdc_h:hover{border-color:#ff3833 !important;}.tbdc,.tbdc_h:hover{border-color:#ff3833 !important;}#footer.style_3{background-color:#001a57 !important;border:none !important;}.page_title{background-color:transparent !important;}.count{display:none;}.author{display:none;}.elementor-widget-video .eicon-play{border-color:#fde428;background-color:#fde428;}.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li a{color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current-cat:hover>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current-cat>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current-menu-item:hover>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current-menu-item>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current_page_item:hover>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li.current_page_item>a,.elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu ul li:hover>a{border-left-color:rgba(255,56,51,1);}div.elementor-widget-button a.elementor-button,div.elementor-widget-button .elementor-button{background-color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}div.elementor-widget-button a.elementor-button:hover,div.elementor-widget-button .elementor-button:hover{background-color:#fde428;color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}.elementor-default .elementor-text-editor ul:not(.elementor-editor-element-settings) li:before,.elementor-default .elementor-widget-text-editor ul:not(.elementor-editor-element-settings) li:before{color:rgba(255,56,51,1);}.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper .elementor-tab-mobile-title,.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper .elementor-tab-title{background-color:#fde428;}.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper .elementor-tab-mobile-title,.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper .elementor-tab-title a{color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper .elementor-tab-mobile-title.elementor-active,.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active{background-color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper .elementor-tab-mobile-title.elementor-active,.consulting_elementor_wrapper .elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active a{color:#fde428;}.radial-progress .circle .mask .fill{background-color:#fde428;}html body #header .top_bar{background-color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}html body #header .top_bar .container .lang_sel>ul>li .lang_sel_sel,html body #header .top_bar .container .lang_sel>ul>li>ul a{color:#fff;}html body #header .top_bar .container .lang_sel>ul>li .lang_sel_sel:after{border-top:5px solid #fff;}html body #header .top_bar .container .lang_sel>ul>li>ul{background-color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}html body #header .top_bar .container .lang_sel>ul>li>ul a:hover{background-color:rgba(255,56,51,1);}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_cart .count{}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_cart a{}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_search .search-icon{}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_socials a{}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_socials a:hover{}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info li,html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info_switcher ul li a{color:#fff;}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info_switcher{background-color:#fde428;}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info_switcher .active:after{border-top:5px solid rgba(225,101,101,1);}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info_switcher ul{background-color:rgba(225,101,101,1);}html body #header .top_bar .container .top_bar_info_wr .top_bar_info_switcher ul li a:hover{background-color:rgba(255,56,51,1);}.vue_is_disabled{display:none;}.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}#wp-admin-bar-consulting_settings img{max-width:25px;vertical-align:top;position:relative;top:3px;}#footer.style_3{background-color:#001a57 !important;border:none !important;}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object1083{order:-2300;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object1083{order:-2300;}}.stm-header__element.object1083{}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object268{order:-1300;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object268{order:-1300;}}.stm-header__element.object268{}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object270{order:-2100;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object270{order:-2100;}}.stm-header__element.object270{}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object578{order:-1300;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object578{order:-1300;}}.stm-header__element.object578{}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object612{order:-1310;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object612{order:-1310;}}.stm-header__element.object612{}@media (max-width:1023px) and (min-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object640{order:-1320;}}@media (max-width:425px){.stm-header__element.object640{order:-1320;}}.stm-header__element.object640{}.stm-header{}.stm-header:before{}.stm-header__row_color_top{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;color:#0b2a41;}.stm-header__row_color_top .stm-icontext__text{color:#0b2a41;}.stm-header__row_color_top a{color:#0b2a41;}.stm-header__row_color_top .dropdown-toggle{color:#0b2a41 !important;}.stm-header__row_color_top a:hover,.stm-navigation__default > ul > li > a:hover{}.stm-header__row_color_top li:hover a{}.stm-header__row_color_top .stm-switcher__trigger_default:after{border-top-color:#0b2a41;}.stm-header__row_color_top .dropdown-toggle:after{border-top-color:#0b2a41 !important;}.stm-header__row_color_top:before{background-color:#fff;}.stm-header__row_color_center{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;color:#fff;}.stm-header__row_color_center .stm-icontext__text{color:#fff;}.stm-header__row_color_center a{color:#fff;}.stm-header__row_color_center .dropdown-toggle{color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center li:hover > a{color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center a:hover,.stm-navigation__default > ul > li > a:hover{color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center a > .divider{color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center a:hover > .divider{color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center li:hover > a > .divider{color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center .stm-switcher__trigger_default:after{border-top-color:#fff;}.stm-header__row_color_center .dropdown-toggle:after{border-top-color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__row_color_center:before{background-color:#001a57;}.stm-header__row_color_bottom{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom .stm-icontext__text{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom a{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom .dropdown-toggle{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom a:hover,.stm-navigation__default > ul > li > a:hover{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom li:hover a{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom .stm-switcher__trigger_default:after{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom .dropdown-toggle:after{}.stm-header__row_color_bottom:before{}.stm_hb_mtc,.stm_hb_mtc_h:hover,.stm_hb_mtc_b:before,.stm_hb_mtc_b_h:hover:before,.stm_hb_mtc_a:after,.stm_hb_mtc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_mtc_a_h.active,.mini-cart{color:#010101 !important;}.stm_hb_stc,.stm_hb_stc_h:hover,.stm_hb_stc_a:after,.stm_hb_stc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_stc_b:before,.stm_hb_stc_b_h:hover:before{color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm_hb_ttc,.stm_hb_ttc_h:hover,.stm_hb_ttc_a:after,.stm_hb_ttc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_ttc_b:before,.stm_hb_ttc_b_h:hover:before{color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm_hb_mbc,.stm_hb_mbc_h:hover,.stm_hb_mbc_b:before,.stm_hb_mbc_b_h:hover:before,.stm_hb_mbc_a:after,.stm_hb_mbc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_mbc_h.active,.stm-search .stm_widget_search button[type=submit]{background-color:#010101 !important;}.stm_hb_sbc,.stm_hb_sbc_h:hover,.stm_hb_sbc_a:after,.stm_hb_sbc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_sbc_b:before,.stm_hb_sbc_b_h:hover:before{background-color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm_hb_tbc,.stm_hb_tbc_h:hover,.stm_hb_tbc_h.active,.stm_hb_tbc_a:after,.stm_hb_tbc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_tbc_b:before,.stm_hb_tbc_b_h:hover:before{background-color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm_hb_mbdc,.stm_hb_mbdc_h:hover,.stm_hb_mbdc_b:before,.stm_hb_mbdc_b_h:hover:before,.stm_hb_mbdc_a:after,.stm_hb_mbdc_a_h:hover:after,.stm-search .stm_widget_search .form-control:focus{border-color:#010101 !important;}.stm_hb_sbdc,.stm_hb_sbdc_h:hover,.stm_hb_sbdc_a:after,.stm_hb_sbdc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_sbdc_b:before,.stm_hb_sbdc_b_h:hover:before{border-color:#ff3833 !important;}.stm_hb_tbdc,.stm_hb_tbdc_h:hover,.stm_hb_tbdc_a:after,.stm_hb_tbdc_a_h:hover:after,.stm_hb_tbdc_b:before,.stm_hb_tbdc_b_h:hover:before{border-color:#ff3833 !important;}body .stm-header__hb .stm-header__element.object1083 .stm-navigation > ul > li:hover > a,body .stm-header__hb .stm-header__element.object1083 .stm-navigation > ul > li > a:hover{color:#fff !important;}.stm-header__hb .stm-header__element.object1083 .stm-navigation > ul > li .sub-menu li a{color:#333 !important;}.stm-header__hb .stm-header__element.object1083 .stm-navigation > ul > li .sub-menu li a:hover{color:#ff3833 !important;}#rs-demo-id{}

Strength of Materials and Structures

SM-1400F Structures Test Frame

SM-1401 Compression of Spring

SM-1402 Combined Bending and Torsion Apparatus

SM-1403 HOOKE’S LAW

SM-1404 Deflection of Beam Apparatus

SM-1404A Continuous and Indeterminate Beams

SM-1405 Shearing Force And Bending Moment Apparatus

SM-1405A Shear Force in a Beam

SM-1406 Torsion Testing Machine

Get A Free Quote.

Get A Free Quote.

About

CONTACT US

Quick links

Product Search